Editor’s Note: This is an update to a story that originally published March 13, 2020.

On Sunday morning, churches across the nation went virtual: Many congregations livestreamed worship services in the wake of the coronavirus crisis that has jolted daily life in the U.S. to an unprecedented halt. 

By Sunday evening, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) delivered another jolt: The government agency urged canceling in-person gatherings of more than 50 people for the next eight weeks. The recommended timespan sweeps through Palm Sunday, Easter Sunday, and into the second half of May. Then on Monday, President Donald Trump implored Americans to avoid gatherings of more than 10 people, which has implications not just for church worship services but also for smaller gatherings: discipleship groups, community/fellowship groups, and Bible studies. Trump also indicated the effects of the coronavirus pandemic might stretch into the summer.

Many large congregations already had suspended in-person gatherings for worship, but the CDC’s new recommendation was the first indication of how long those cancellations might continue. 

In some states, government recommendations turned into mandatory requirements: North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper’s request to halt gatherings of more than 100 people morphed into an executive order on Saturday afternoon. The governor said he thought the order was necessary to ensure that groups complied.

Some smaller churches continued to meet, with leaders working on plans to ensure more than 100 people wouldn’t be in the same building at the same time. But the CDC’s request to cancel gatherings of 50 or more will challenge even small churches to consider how to face the next two months. A survey by Lifeway earlier this year reported that some 57 percent of Protestant churches in America have less than 100 people attending services each Sunday. 

Joining the livestream of churches already transitioning to online services may be an important option for some congregations. Even low-tech churches have options for online gatherings to hear from their pastors or form prayer groups, with livestream and networking options easily accessible on social media, including Facebook. 

In Matthews, N.C., pastor Kevin DeYoung led an online worship service from the pulpit of Christ Covenant Church. The church’s website included a full bulletin for families or individuals to follow the liturgy and sing worship songs. The opening hymn offered a steady hope in uncertain times: “A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing.”

Original report from March 13, 2020.

On Thursday, leaders of Capitol Hill Baptist Church announced the suspension of Sunday worship for the first time in 102 years. Pastor Mark Dever said the last time the D.C. congregation canceled worship was during the Spanish flu outbreak of 1918. 

“Let’s pray for God’s mercy and grace on us and our community in these days,” he wrote. “And for it soon to be safe for us to meet again.”

It’s a stirring example of a sobering dilemma facing churches across the country (and the world) as authorities try to mitigate the spread of coronavirus: To meet or not to meet?

For now, many will meet, including some megachurches. First Baptist Church of Dallas averages more than 3,100 attendees a week, and pastor Robert Jeffress said the church would go forward with services this weekend. 

Others will cancel: In Houston, pastor Joel Osteen’s Lakewood Church—with its 17,000-seat capacity in a former sporting arena—will suspend gathering this weekend, but livestream a service online. 

Advice and directives from state authorities differed: In Washington state—a hotspot for coronavirus—Gov. Jay Inslee announced a ban on gatherings of more than 250 people through March in three counties.

In Ohio, Gov. Mike DeWine said gatherings of 100 or more were prohibited, but religious gatherings were exempt from the ban. In Kentucky, Gov. Andy Beshear urged canceling public events, including church services across the state.

The legal weight of such pronouncements varies. 

For example, in North Carolina, Gov. Roy Cooper discouraged groups of more than 100 from gathering, including churches. James Hodge, of the Center for Public Health Law and Policy at Arizona State University, told a local newspaper that governors could have flexibility to legally enforce such measures under a state of emergency. 

Cooper didn’t indicate the state would take that step immediately.

In Matthews, N.C. (a suburb of Charlotte), pastor Kevin DeYoung said Christ Covenant Church—a congregation that numbers around 1,300 most Sundays—wouldn’t meet for worship in its building. DeYoung plans to preach from the church’s pulpit, and leaders will livestream the services online Sunday morning and evening.